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CORRESPONDENCE |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 65
| Issue : 1 | Page : 83-84 |
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| Unusual periungual nodulocystic lesions leading to the diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma |
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Spyridon Gkalpakiotis1, Petr Arenberger1, Eva Sticova2, Ivana Karlova3, Monika Arenbergerova1
1 Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
2 Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
3 Department of Internal Medicine - Haematology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| Date of Web Publication | 13-Jan-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Spyridon Gkalpakiotis
Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague
Czech Republic
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_485_18
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How to cite this article:
Gkalpakiotis S, Arenberger P, Sticova E, Karlova I, Arenbergerova M. Unusual periungual nodulocystic lesions leading to the diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. Indian J Dermatol 2020;65:83-4 |
How to cite this URL:
Gkalpakiotis S, Arenberger P, Sticova E, Karlova I, Arenbergerova M. Unusual periungual nodulocystic lesions leading to the diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. Indian J Dermatol [serial online] 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 4];65:83-4. Available from: https://www.e-ijd.org/text.asp?2020/65/1/83/275768 |
Sir,
We report a 91-year-old female who was examined for a 6 month lasting periungual nodulocystic lesions with dystrophic nails affecting several digits of the upper extremities [Figure 1]a. Lesions were painful. Patient was on oral antidiabetics and antihypertensive medication, otherwise she was healthy. She had been treated by another dermatologist with systemic itraconazole with the suspicion of candidal paronychia with no effect. General blood count was normal. Biochemistry examination revealed slightly elevated uric acid. We consulted a rheumatologist who excluded gout and periungual lesions as tophi. General physical examinations including chest X-ray and abdomen ultrasound were normal. We performed a punch biopsy with the result of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma [Figure 2]a and [Figure 2]b. The patient had no systemic symptoms of lymphoma. She was immediately examined by a hematologist. Lymphoma cells were found in microscopy of peripheral count examination by the hematologist and we concluded that the skin lesions were secondary cutaneous manifestations of systemic B-lymphoma. Because of the age of patient, no further tests were performed to examine if any other organs were affected (gastric mucosa, colon, etc). The serology for Helicobacterpylori and Borrelia burgdorferi were negative. The patient declined a bone-marrow examination. The systemic therapy with repeated cycles of dexamethasone and chlorambucil was initiated with excellent effect to the skin lesions. After 2 months, almost complete regression was observed [Figure 1]b. | Figure 1: (a) Nodulocystic periungual lesions of the digits of the upper extremities. (b) Regression of the lesions after systemic therapy
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 | Figure 2: Histopathological findings. Diffuse dermal infiltrate composed of small CD20+ B lymphocytes. (a) (H and E, x40); (b) (Anti CD20 immunohistochemistry, x200)
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Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is a sub-entity of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), which is a mature B-cell lymphoma and represents a distinct clinicopathological entity of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).[1] It was first described by Isaacson and Wright in 1983.[2] EMZL is most frequently found in the stomach, lung, thyroid, skin, lacrimal, and salivary glands. It represents approximately 5% of NHL.[3] This type of marginal lymphoma usually has an indolent course, and patients may remain long-term asymptomatic as was the case of our patient. When skin lesions are present, it is very important to distinguish if the patient has primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) or secondary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (SCMZL). PCMZL usually has a very indolent course in contrast to other marginal zone lymphomas, such as the nodal one. Patients with SCMZL tend to be older than patients with PCMZL, and in addition, there is a different localization of the lesions. SMZL was found more often in the area of head and neck.[4] In general, secondary skin lesions are not so common. The case of our patient is interesting because of the localization of the skin lesions, which were observed in periungual region. A case with similar clinical picture has been described in the literature, but the hematological diagnosis was small lymphocytic lymphoma, and it was known before the skin lesions appeared.[5] Our case is important because the skin lesions were the primary symptom of the systemic lymphoma. The therapeutic options of EMZL depend on the stage, localization, and symptoms of the disease. Asymptomatic patients may be followed with no treatment, otherwise radiotherapy or systemic treatment may be required.[4]
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by PROGRES Q28 (Oncology), research program awarded by the Charles University.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
 References | |  |
| 1. | Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Stein H, Siebert R, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 2016;127:2375-90.  |
| 2. | Isaacson P, Wright D. Malignant lymphoma of mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue: A distinctive type of B-cell lymphoma. Cancer 1983;52:1410-6. |
| 3. | Ayyappan S, William BM. Marginal zone lymphoma: Clinicopathologic variations and approaches to therapy. Curr Oncol Rep 2018;20:33. |
| 4. | Gerami P, Wickless SC, Querfeld C, Rosen ST, Kuzel TM, Guitart J. Cutaneous involvement with marginal zone lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:142-5. |
| 5. | Morris TM, Mazzola R, Berry B, Sawyer D, Saltman DL. Small lymphocytic lymphoma with florid perniosis-like features: A case report. BMC Dermatol 2015;15:11. |
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