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E-IJD CORRESPONDENCE |
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| Year : 2016 | Volume
: 61
| Issue : 1 | Page : 126 |
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| Giant cerebriform congenital cellular blue nevus presenting as cutis verticis gyrata |
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Angoori Gnaneshwar Rao, Divya Koppada, M Haritha
Department of Dermatology, SVS Medical College, Yenugonda, Telangana, India
| Date of Web Publication | 15-Jan-2016 |
Correspondence Address:
Angoori Gnaneshwar Rao
Department of Dermatology, SVS Medical College, Yenugonda, Telangana
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.174164
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How to cite this article:
Rao AG, Koppada D, Haritha M. Giant cerebriform congenital cellular blue nevus presenting as cutis verticis gyrata. Indian J Dermatol 2016;61:126 |
How to cite this URL:
Rao AG, Koppada D, Haritha M. Giant cerebriform congenital cellular blue nevus presenting as cutis verticis gyrata. Indian J Dermatol [serial online] 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 2];61:126. Available from: https://www.e-ijd.org/text.asp?2016/61/1/126/174164 |
Sir,
Blue nevus is a neoplasm composed of pigmented dendritic dermal melanocytic cells in the reticular dermis.
A 28-year-old male came to us with multiple swellings over his lower back; the swellings were of a 5-year duration. He gave a history of pigmented patch on his lower back since birth, which has been gradually increasing in size. His family history was negative for a similar problem. Examination revealed a horizontally placed big oval swelling of size 25 cm × 20 cm, occupying the left lumbosacral region that constituted four linear horizontally placed tubular swellings spread across the left lumbosacral region tapering on the right side, crossing the midline. The swellings were separated by furrows, both horizontally and vertically, mimicking cutis verticis gyrata. It was soft to firm in consistency, and was bordered on the right side by hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, and follicular atrophy [Figure 1]. Based on the clinical features, plexiform neurofibroma and giant congenital melanocytic nevus were considered in the differential diagnosis. Ultrasonography of the swellings revealed a heterogenously hypoechoeic lesion in his left lower back in the subcutaneous plane, measuring 2.4-3 cm in thickness [Figure 2]a]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyposignal intensity on all signals, suggestive of fibrous and/nerve tissue [Figure 2]b]. Biopsy of the lesion revealed groups of melanocytes with monotonous nuclei and spindle cells, with interlacing bundles at the periphery [Figure 3]a and b]. Immunohistochemical study using antibodies (CD34 and S100) showed strong expression [Figure 4]a and b]. However, human melanoma black (HMB)-45 was not expressed. Histopathology with immunohistochemical study helped in confirming the diagnosis of cellular blue nevus (CBN). In view of the large size, the nevus was labeled giant CBN (GCBN) and the patient was referred to a reconstructive surgeon. | Figure 1: (Original) Multiple linear horizontally placed tubular swellings on the left lumbosacral region intercepted by furrows, bordered by follicular atrophy, hypertrichosis, and hyperpigmentation
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 | Figure 2: (a) (Original) Ultrasonography showing heterogenously hypoechoeic lesion in the subcutaneous plane, measuring 2.4-3 cm in thickness (b) (Original) MRI of the lumbosacral region showing hyposignal intensity on all signals
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 | Figure 3: (a) (Original) Histopathology. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain. (x 100). Dermis shows groups of melanocytes with monotonous nuclei and spindle cells with interlacing bundles at the periphery (b) (Original) Histopathology. H and E stain. (x 400). Spindle cells showing ill-defined borders with scanty cytoplasm and prominent nuclei. Melanocytes appear as bipolar-and spindle-shaped, with borders showing melanin granules
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 | Figure 4: (a) (Original) Histopathology. (x 100). Immunohistochemistry with antibodies (CD34) showing strong expression (b) (Original) Histopathology. (x 100). Immunohistochemistry with antibodies (S100) showing strong expression
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CBN can present in all age groups, although commonly seen in adults younger than 40 years. It usually presents as a bluish black to bluish grey nodule, ranging 1-2 cm in size. However, CBN larger than 10 cm, namely, GCBN, is rare and few cases of this have been reported in the literature [Table 1]. [1],[2],[3],[4],[5] Moreover, GCBN of this size (25 cm × 20 cm) has so far not been reported in the literature.
GCBN resembles giant congenital melanocytic nevus clinically. Nonetheless, histopathologically, GCBN can be differentiated from giant congenital melanocytic nevus by the absence of junctional activity and sparseness of hair follicles in GCBN, whereas an increased number of hair follicles and frequent nevus cell nests at the dermoepidermal junction are seen in the giant congenital melanocytic nevus. [6] Furthermore, strong expression of CD34 and S100, along with histopathology helped in establishing the diagnosis of CBN. Notably, HMB-45 was not expressed by the nevus in the index case, which can be attributed to the lack of melanin in melanocytes (type C melanocytes) in the nevus.
Involvement of the sacrococcygeal region in the index case is in line with the most common site of involvement of CBN. Furthermore, CBN resembling cutis verticis gyrata in the index case is noteworthy. A few cases with such a presentation have been reported in the literature but they were not as major as the case under study. CBN can be locally aggressive and may infiltrate adjacent structures; conversely, malignant degeneration rarely occurs. However, there is no evidence of the infiltration of surrounding structures or malignancy despite the massive size of GCBN in the index case. Incidentally, CBN has malignant transformation potential of 5.2-6.3%. [7] Moreover, it has been associated with melanomas. Granter et al. reported an association with malignant melanoma in two cases of CBN while reviewing the histopathology of 10 cases of malignant blue nevus. [8] Surgery is the only treatment option available for such cases of GCBN and wide excision would be ideal for the index case.
 References | |  |
| 1. | Lemoto Y, Kondo Y. Congenital giant cellular blue nevus resulting in dystocia. Arch Dermatol 1984;120:798-9.  |
| 2. | Bittencourt AL, Monteiro DA, De Pretto OJ. Infiltrating giant cellular blue naevus. J Clin Pathol 2007;60:82-4. |
| 3. | Al-Shraim MM. Angiomatoid giant cellular blue nevus of vaginal wall associated with pregnancy. Diagn Pathol 2011;6:32. |
| 4. | Debyser M, De Schepper S, D'haese J, De Ketelaere V, Cornette L. Giant congenital cellular blue nevus of the scalp: Neonatal presentation and approach. Res Rep Neonatol 2012:2:1-3. |
| 5. | Sarkar S, Roychoudhury S, Shrimal A, Das K. Cerebriform intradermal nevus presenting as cutis verticis gyrata with multiple cellular blue nevus over the body: A rare occurrence. Indian Dermatol Online J 2014;5:34-7. [ PUBMED]  |
| 6. | Yazici AC, Ikizoglu G, Bas K, Polat A, Ustunsoy D. Cerebriform intradermal nevus. Pediatr Dermatol 2007;24:141-3. |
| 7. | Scheller K, Scheller C, Becker S, Holzhausen HJ, Schubert J. Cellular blue nevus (CBN) lymph node metastases of the neck with no primary skin lesion: A case report and review of literature. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2010;38:601-4. |
| 8. | Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm MC Jr, Busam K. Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: A clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:316-23. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]
[Table 1] |
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| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Giant Congenital Blue Nevus Presenting as Cutis Verticis Gyrata: A Case Report and Review of the Literature |
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| Melissa E. Cullom, Garth R. Fraga, Alan R. Reeves, Dhaval Bhavsar, Brian T. Andrews | | Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2021; 130(12): 1407 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
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